曼陀林调音指南
标准曼陀林调音（G-D-A-E）
标准曼陀林调音是G-D-A-E，与小提琴相同，但使用4组（对）弦而不是单弦。从最低到最高：G3（196 Hz）、D4（293.66 Hz）、A4（440 Hz）、E5（659.25 Hz）。每组包含两根调到相同音高的弦，创造出曼陀林特有的明亮、持久的音色。
Mandolin Family Tunings
| Instrument | Tuning (Low to High) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Mandolin | G-D-A-E | Standard, same as violin |
| Mandola | C-G-D-A | Tuned a fifth below mandolin |
| Octave Mandolin | G-D-A-E | Same notes, one octave lower |
| Mandocello | C-G-D-A | Same as cello, one octave higher |
Mandolin Tuning Tips
- Tune one string per course first – Tune one string of each pair, then match its partner for perfect unison
- Start with A string – Use A440 as reference, then tune D and G down, E up from A
- Check for chorus effect – If strings are slightly detuned, you'll hear a wavering "chorus" — adjust until pure
- Use light gauge strings – Mandolin strings are under high tension; light gauge (.010-.034) is easier to tune
- Stretch new strings thoroughly – New mandolin strings take 2-3 days to settle and hold pitch
Understanding Mandolin Courses
Mandolins have 8 strings arranged in 4 courses (pairs). Each course is tuned to a single pitch, with both strings in perfect unison. The doubled strings increase volume and create a natural chorus effect when perfectly tuned. Numbering runs from highest (course 1: E) to lowest (course 4: G).
Alternate Mandolin Tunings
While G-D-A-E is nearly universal, some bluegrass and old-time players use Cross A tuning (A-D-A-E) for specific keys, or Drop D tuning (G-D-A-D) for modal tunes. Classical mandolin always uses standard tuning. Celtic players occasionally tune down a half-step to F#-C#-G#-D# to match with concert pitch instruments.
Common Mandolin Tuning Problems
- Courses sound "wavy" – Strings within a course are slightly out of tune; tune each string individually
- Can't reach pitch – Wrong string gauge or old strings; replace with proper light gauge set
- Strings break often – Over-tightening or sharp edges at nut/bridge; check for burrs and tune up slowly
- Won't stay in tune – New strings stretching, or tuning pegs slipping; use peg compound or replace pegs
Mandolin vs Guitar Tuning
Mandolin tuning (G-D-A-E) is the same interval sequence as the top 4 guitar strings (D-G-B-E), but a perfect fifth higher. This means guitar chords work on mandolin but sound higher and brighter. However, mandolin uses paired strings and different fingering patterns, making it a distinct playing experience despite the interval similarity.