Mandolin Tuning Guide
Standard Mandolin Tuning (G-D-A-E)
Standard mandolin tuning is G-D-A-E, the same as a violin but with 4 courses (pairs) of strings instead of single strings. From lowest to highest: G3 (196 Hz), D4 (293.66 Hz), A4 (440 Hz), E5 (659.25 Hz). Each course contains two strings tuned to the same pitch, creating the mandolin's characteristic bright, sustained tone.
Mandolin Family Tunings
| Instrument | Tuning (Low to High) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Mandolin | G-D-A-E | Standard, same as violin |
| Mandola | C-G-D-A | Tuned a fifth below mandolin |
| Octave Mandolin | G-D-A-E | Same notes, one octave lower |
| Mandocello | C-G-D-A | Same as cello, one octave higher |
Mandolin Tuning Tips
- Tune one string per course first – Tune one string of each pair, then match its partner for perfect unison
- Start with A string – Use A440 as reference, then tune D and G down, E up from A
- Check for chorus effect – If strings are slightly detuned, you'll hear a wavering "chorus" — adjust until pure
- Use light gauge strings – Mandolin strings are under high tension; light gauge (.010-.034) is easier to tune
- Stretch new strings thoroughly – New mandolin strings take 2-3 days to settle and hold pitch
Understanding Mandolin Courses
Mandolins have 8 strings arranged in 4 courses (pairs). Each course is tuned to a single pitch, with both strings in perfect unison. The doubled strings increase volume and create a natural chorus effect when perfectly tuned. Numbering runs from highest (course 1: E) to lowest (course 4: G).
Alternate Mandolin Tunings
While G-D-A-E is nearly universal, some bluegrass and old-time players use Cross A tuning (A-D-A-E) for specific keys, or Drop D tuning (G-D-A-D) for modal tunes. Classical mandolin always uses standard tuning. Celtic players occasionally tune down a half-step to F#-C#-G#-D# to match with concert pitch instruments.
Common Mandolin Tuning Problems
- Courses sound "wavy" – Strings within a course are slightly out of tune; tune each string individually
- Can't reach pitch – Wrong string gauge or old strings; replace with proper light gauge set
- Strings break often – Over-tightening or sharp edges at nut/bridge; check for burrs and tune up slowly
- Won't stay in tune – New strings stretching, or tuning pegs slipping; use peg compound or replace pegs
Mandolin vs Guitar Tuning
Mandolin tuning (G-D-A-E) is the same interval sequence as the top 4 guitar strings (D-G-B-E), but a perfect fifth higher. This means guitar chords work on mandolin but sound higher and brighter. However, mandolin uses paired strings and different fingering patterns, making it a distinct playing experience despite the interval similarity.