Banjo Tuning Guide
Open G Tuning (Standard for 5-String Banjo)
Open G tuning (gDGBD) is the standard for bluegrass and most 5-string banjo styles. From string 5 to 1: g (high G4 at 392 Hz on the short 5th string), D3 (146.83 Hz), G3 (196 Hz), B3 (246.94 Hz), D4 (293.66 Hz). This tuning forms a G major chord when strummed open, enabling classic rolls and drone-based melodies.
Common Banjo Tunings
| Tuning Name | Notes (5th to 1st) | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| Open G (Standard) | g-D-G-B-D | Bluegrass, Scruggs style, most common |
| Double C | g-C-G-C-D | Old-time, clawhammer, folk music |
| Open D | a-D-F#-A-D | Key of D, fiddle tunes |
| G Modal (Sawmill) | g-D-G-C-D | Modal tunes, old-time banjo |
Banjo Tuning Tips
- 5th string first – Tune the short 5th string (high g) first as a reference point
- Use light touch – Banjo strings are thin; small peg adjustments make big pitch changes
- Let head settle – New banjo heads stretch, causing tuning drift for 1-2 weeks
- Check bridge position – Misaligned bridges cause intonation issues, not tuning problems
- Tune before playing – Banjos are sensitive to temperature; retune when moving between rooms
Understanding Banjo String Numbering
Banjo string numbering is unique: the 5th string is the SHORT string nearest your face, tuned to high G. Strings 4-1 run from low to high (D-G-B-D in Open G). The 5th string acts as a drone and is rarely fretted, giving banjo its distinctive sound.
Clawhammer vs Bluegrass Tuning
Both clawhammer and bluegrass banjo typically use Open G tuning. However, clawhammer players often explore alternate tunings like Double C, G Modal, or Drop C (gCGCD) for specific songs. Bluegrass players stick with Open G for 95% of playing, occasionally using D tuning for fiddle tune keys.
When to Change Banjo Strings
Change banjo strings when they lose brightness, won't hold tune, or show visible wear. Phosphor bronze and stainless steel strings last 2-3 months with regular playing. The 1st string (D) breaks most often and should be replaced immediately—keeping spares is essential for performers.